Ghetto ni ijambo rigaruka kenshi mu mvugo z’abantu benshi, rimenyerewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi. Ese waba uzi inkomoko y’iri jambo n’icyo risobanura?
Iri jambo rikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi aho nko mu Rwanda rikoreshwa mu kuvuga inzu umuntu akodesha, cyangwa se indi nzu iciriritse.
Uzabaza umuntu uti ese uba iwanyu? Iyo yibana (akodesha) rimwe na rimwe uzumva agusubiza ati “wapi, mba ghetto” bishatse gusobanura ko akodesha.
Izina ghetto bakunze kuryitirira uduce tw’ibyiciro by’abantu bari mu bukene badafite amikoro yo kuba mu nzu zigezweho. Kubera iki “Ghetto”? Ni he iri jambo ryaturutse? Ni iki cyatumye ryitirirwa iki igisobanuro?
Rimwe na rimwe ghetto aba ari inzu cyangwa se uduce tuba turimo abantu bafite imibereho iciriritse ku buryo izo nzu ziba zitajyanye n’icyerekezo cy’aho hantu.
Mbere na mbere, ijambo “Ghetto” bivugwa ko rituruka ku nshinga “gettare” yo mu rurimi rwa venetian, bishatse gusobanura “guca / gucibwa”
Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ko “ghetto” ari inyito ifite inkomoko mu kinyejana cya 16 ahayinga mu mwaka wa 1516 mu mujyi wa Venice aricyo bitaga “venetian ghetto”. Abantu babaga aha babaga babayeho ubuzima butandukanye n’indi mijyi.
Utu twari uduce tw’umujyi wa Venice (ubutaliyani) abayahudi b’abimukira batari bemerewe kuvamomo kubera ko batari bahuje imyemerere n’abandi baturage. Ibi byabaye kuva mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18.
Mu mpera y’ikinyejana cya 18 izi ghetto zagiye zikurwaho uko imyaka yashize, iyanyuma yari “ghetto y’i Roma” yakuweho mu 1870.
Si aha gusa iri jambo ryakoreshejwe mu mateka hari ahandi hantu hatandukanye gusa usanga ubusobanuro bw’iri jambo bujya gusa.
Urugero, iri jambo ryakoreshejwe cyane mu bihe bya holocaust mu ntambara ya 2 y’isi, abadage bafataga abayahudi bakabafungira mu mazu mato cyane nayo akitwa ghetto. Icyakora nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi ayo mazu yakuweho burundu.
N’ubwo bigaragara ko iri jambo ryatangiranye n’abayahudi, ariko ubu muri leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika iyo umuntu arivuze ntakabuze umuntu ahita yumvamo isano n’abirabura (Black Americans).
Ku birabura iri jambo ghetto ryakoreshwaga mu kumvikanisha uduce babagamo (abirabura) twari twarahejwe kuva mu myaka ya 1910, icyo gihe ntago abirabura bari bemerewe kujya aho bashatse.
Icyo gihe hari amategeko abuza abirabura kuba batura mu mijyi ndetse n’uduce tumwe na tumwe twabaga dutuyemo abazungu benshi.
Aya mategeko byaje kugaragara ko yari ahabanye n’itegeko nshinga mu mwaka wa 1917 mu rubanza ruzwi nka “Buchanan V. Warley, 245 U.S (1917)“.
Iri jambo ryakomeje gukoreshwa n’ubu rifite amateka ndetse n’icyo risobanuye ku moko y’abirabura ndetse n’abayahudi bitewe n’uko ryagiye rikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ivangura.
Ghetto ni ijambo rifite inkomoko mu Butaliyani ariko rifite igisobanuro ku bayahudi kubera imibereho bari barimo mu gace ka Venuce.
Iri jambo n’ubwo ari aha ryatangiriye ariko ryagiye rikoreshwa n’ahandi henshi kandi n’ubu riracyakoreshwa mu kugaragaza uduce dufite ubuzima butifashe neza, cyangwa se tubayeho mu bucyene.
Wowe se wumvaga ghetto bishatse gusobanura iki?
Wakoze gusoma iyi nkuru, niba ukunze iyi nyandiko cyangwa se ufite igitekerezo ushaka kongeraho, wasiga ubutumwa
muri comment ahagana hasi tukungurana ibitekerezo.