Mu myaka irenga 40, Muammar Gaddafi yayoboye Libiya nk’umuyobozi wihaye intego yo kubaka igihugu gikomeye, cyigenga kandi cyubahwa. Yavanye Libiya mu buja bw’Abanyaburayi, ayigira igihugu cyari mu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika, aho abaturage bagiraga ubuzima bwiza kurusha ahandi henshi ku mugabane.
Yari umugabo ukundwa n’abamubonagamo umuyobozi wihariye, utajya yemera kugengwa, ariko nanone yari umwanzi ukomeye w’ibihugu by’ibihangange byamubonaga nk’imbogamizi ku nyungu zabyo.
Ariko se, ni gute uyu muyobozi wiyemeje guharanira ubwigenge bw’Afurika yaje kugwa mu menyo y’intambara, aho abamurwanyaga bafashijwe n’ibihugu bikomeye? Kuki yarenze ku mahirwe yo guhunga, agahitamo kuguma mu gihugu cye kugeza ku munota wa nyuma?
Iyi nkuru irakwereka urugendo rwa Gaddafi kuva mu gisirikare kugeza ahiritse ubwami bwa Libiya, uko yayoboye igihugu cye akoresheje ingufu n’icyerekezo, n’uburyo yahisemo gupfira mu gihugu cye aho kugihunga.
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi yavukiye mu mwaka wa 1942 muri Libiya, mu muryango w’aborozi ba bahebeli. Yize muri Akademiya ya Gisirikare ya Benghazi, nyuma y’aho ajya kwihugura mu Bwongereza mu 1966.
Ku wa 1 Nzeri 1969, Gaddafi, wari umusirikare, yayoboye ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa King Idris I, umwami wa Libiya. Yashinze Leta ishingiye ku mbaraga za gisirikare, ahindura Libiya igihugu kigendera ku mahame y’ubusosiyalisiti (Socialism) n’Ubwigenge bwa Afurika.
Gaddafi yashinze “Jamahiriya”—ubutegetsi bw’abaturage bugendera ku gitabo cye yise Green Book, aho yavuze ko demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka atari yo igomba kuyobora isi. Yashyize imbere politiki yo kurwanya ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba, ashyigikira inyeshyamba zitandukanye.
Mu 2011, Libiya yibasiwe n’imyigaragambyo yari mu rwego rwa Arab Spring, aho abaturage basabaga impinduka. Gaddafi yanze kurekura ubutegetsi, aburira abarwanya Leta ko bazafatwa nk’abagambanyi. Ibihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika byashyigikiye abarwanyi bo muri Libiya, NATO itangiza ibitero by’indege kuri Leta ye.
Mu Kwakira 2011, nyuma y’amezi menshi y’imirwano, abarwanyi bafatiye Gaddafi mu mujyi wa Sirte. Ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2011, yafashwe ari muzima ariko ahita akorerwa iyicarubozo mbere y’uko araswa n’abo barwanyi. Videwo z’ifatwa rye zagaragaje uburyo yari yavuye amaraso, anasaba kuticwa. Nyuma y’aho, umurambo we werekanywe mu isoko mu mujyi wa Misrata.
Urupfu rwa Gaddafi rwasize Libiya mu bushyamirane bw’amatsinda atandukanye, igihugu kiba nta buyobozi bufatika. Kugeza ubu, Libiya iracyafite ibibazo bya politiki n’umutekano kubera isenyuka ry’ubutegetsi bwe.